TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - BOTULISM
A1  - Maslanka, Susan
A1  - K. Rao, Agam
A2  - Kasper, Dennis L.
A2  - Fauci, Anthony S.
PY  - 2017
T2  - Harrison's Infectious Diseases, 3e
AB  - Botulism,  recognized  at  least  since  the  eighteenth  century,  is  a  neuroparalytic  disease  caused  by  botulinum  toxin,  one  of  the  most  toxic  substances  known.  While  initially  thought  to  be  caused  only  by  the  ingestion  of  botulinum  toxin  in  contaminated  food  (food-borne  botulism),  three  additional  forms  caused  by  in  situ  toxin  production  after  germination  of  spores  in  either  a  wound  or  the  intestine  are  now  recognized  worldwide:  wound  botulism,  infant  botulism,  and  adult  intestinal  colonization  botulism.  In  addition  to  occurring  in  these  recognized  natural  forms  of  the  disease,  botulism  symptoms  have  been  reported  in  patients  receiving  injections  of  botulinum  toxin  for  cosmetic  or  therapeutic  purposes  (iatrogenic  botulism).  Moreover,  botulism  was  reported  after  inhalation  of  botulinum  toxin  in  a  laboratory  setting.  All  forms  of  botulism  manifest  as  a  relatively  distinct  clinical  syndrome  of  symmetric  cranial-nerve  palsies  followed  by  descending  bilateral  flaccid  paralysis  of  voluntary  muscles,  which  may  progress  to  respiratory  compromise  and  death.  The  mainstays  of  therapy  are  meticulous  intensive  care  and  treatment  with  antitoxin  as  soon  as  botulism  is  suspected  and  before  other  illnesses  have  been  ruled  out.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/20
UR  - accessbiomedicalscience.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1141407849
ER  -