RT Book, Section
A1 Mandell, Lionel A.
A1 Wunderink, Richard G.
A2 Kasper, Dennis L.
A2 Fauci, Anthony S.
SR Print(0)
ID 1141405812
T1 PNEUMONIA
T2 Harrison's Infectious Diseases, 3e
YR 2017
FD 2017
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781259835971
LK accessbiomedicalscience.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1141405812
RD 2024/04/23
AB Pneumonia  is  an  infection  of  the  pulmonary  parenchyma.  Despite  being  the  cause  of  significant  morbidity  and  mortality,  pneumonia  is  often  misdiagnosed,  mistreated,  and  underestimated.  In  the  past,  pneumonia  was  typically  classified  as  community-acquired  (CAP),  hospital-acquired  (HAP),  or  ventilator-associated  (VAP).  Over  the  past  two  decades,  however,  some  persons  presenting  with  onset  of  pneumonia  as  outpatients  have  been  found  to  be  infected  with  the  multidrug-resistant  (MDR)  pathogens  previously  associated  with  HAP.  Factors  responsible  for  this  phenomenon  include  the  development  and  widespread  use  of  potent  oral  antibiotics,  earlier  transfer  of  patients  out  of  acute-care  hospitals  to  their  homes  or  various  lower-acuity  facilities,  increased  use  of  outpatient  IV  antibiotic  therapy,  general  aging  of  the  population,  and  more  extensive  immunomodulatory  therapies.  The  potential  involvement  of  these  MDR  pathogens  has  led  to  a  designation  for  a  new  category  of  pneumonia—health  care–associated  pneumonia  (HCAP)—that  is  distinct  from  CAP.  Conditions  associated  with  HCAP  and  the  likely  pathogens  are  listed  in  Table  21-1.