RT Book, Section
A1 Sweat, Michael D.
A1 T. Brady, Kathleen
A2 Greenberg, Raymond S.
SR Print(0)
ID 1108589998
T1 Social Determinants of Health
T2 Medical Epidemiology: Population Health and Effective Health Care, 5e
YR 2014
FD 2014
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 978-0-07-182272-5
LK accessbiomedicalscience.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1108589998
RD 2024/04/23
AB A  series  of  studies  beginning  in  1967  in  the  United  Kingdom  conducted  by  Sir  Michael  Marmot,  known  as  the  “Whitehall”  studies,  followed  17,530  men  working  as  government  employees  and  discovered  dramatically  different  health  outcomes  over  time  based  mostly  on  the  employee’s  type  of  job.  Men  in  jobs  classified  as  “higher  grade,”  such  as  administrators  and  executives,  had  significantly  better  health  over  time  than  men  in  “lower  grade”  positions,  such  as  clerical  workers  and  unskilled  manual  laborers.  A  careful  analysis  of  these  data  showed  that  differences  in  health  status  were  only  partially  associated  with  known  risk  factors.  Moreover,  when  risk  factors  were  controlled  for,  there  were  still  large  and  statistically  significant  differences  in  health  status  attributed  to  the  employee’s  relative  position  in  the  work  hierarchy.  These  differences  persisted  among  the  men  followed  for  more  than  20  years,  and  these  strong  effects  of  job  status  on  health  were  later  replicated  among  both  male  and  female  government  workers.