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Chapter 2. Principles of Toxicology
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Five identical experimental animals are treated with 1 mg of one of the following toxins. The animal treated with which toxin is most likely to die?
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a. ethyl alcohol (LD50 = 10,000 mg/kg).
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b. botulinum toxin (LD50 = 0.00001 mg/kg).
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c. nicotine (LD50 = 1 mg/kg).
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d. ferrous sulfate (LD50 = 1500 mg/kg).
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e. picrotoxin (LD50 = 5 mg/kg).
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Place the following mechanisms of toxin delivery in order from most effective to least effective—1: intravenous; 2: subcutaneous; 3: oral; 4: inhalation; 5: dermal.
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A toxin with a half-life of 12 h is administered every 12 h. Which of the following is true?
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a. The chemical is eliminated from the body before the next dose is administered.
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b. The concentration of the chemical in the body will slowly increase until the toxic concentration is attained.
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c. A toxic level will not be reached, regardless of how many doses are administered.
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d. Acute exposure to the chemical will produce immediate toxic effects.
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e. The elimination rate of the toxin is much shorter than the dosing interval.
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Urushiol is the toxin found in poison ivy. It must first react and combine with proteins in the skin in order for the immune system to recognize and mount a response against it. Urushiol is an example of which of the following?
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Toxic chemicals are most likely to be biotransformed in which of the following organs?
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a. central nervous system.
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When chemicals A and B are administered simultaneously, their combined effects are far ...