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Chapter 27. Toxic Effects of Calories
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Humans consume food to provide energy needed to
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a. drive cellular functions including digestion, metabolism, pumping blood, nerve activity, and muscle contractions.
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b. promote photosynthesis.
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c. synthesize oxygen in the lungs.
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d. prepare minerals for use in the body.
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e. produce carbon dioxide to fuel body functions.
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Neural control of energy balance
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a. may be defined as the action of leptin on CNS function.
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b. may be defined as the action of hypothalamic cholinergic control of appetite and hedonic control.
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c. may involve a balance between food intake and energy expenditure.
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d. may involve a balance between leptin’s action on orexigenic versus anorexigenic peptide expression.
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e. may involve adrenocortical control of hepatic function.
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Body composition may be assessed by
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a. electrical impedance because lean mass has more water and greater conductivity than fat mass.
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b. anthropometric analysis of the body mass index.
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c. hydrodensitometry, which uses the density of the whole body and corrects for residual air in the lungs and GI tract to determine relative body fat.
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d. nuclear magnetic resonance.
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Ectopic fat deposition includes
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a. stored as glucose in adipose tissue.
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b. stored as triglycerides in CNS tissue.
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c. stored as glycogen in CNS tissue.
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d. stored as glycogen in the liver.
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e. stored as triglycerides in the GI tract.
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Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of actions including
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a. typically results from elevated fasting glucose, increased HDL, and hypertension.
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b. typically results from elevated fasting glucose, increased LDL, and hypertension.
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c. typically results from elevated fasting glucose, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypotension.
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d. typically results from elevated ...