TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Toxic Effects of Calories A1 - Ronis, Martin J. A1 - Shankar, Kartik A1 - Badger, Thomas M. A2 - Klaassen, Curtis D. A2 - Watkins III, John B. PY - 2015 T2 - Casarett & Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology, 3e AB - Nutrients can broadly be defined as chemical substances found in food that are necessary for proper growth, development, reproduction, and repair.Energy in the body is derived from three main nutrient classes: carbohydrates, protein, and fat, which in turn are made up of sugars, amino acids, and free fatty acids, respectively.Hormonal messages generated by the pancreas, adipose tissue, and GI tract orchestrate multiple responses associated with caloric intake and utilization.The “set-point” hypothesis proposes that food intake and energy expenditure are coordinately regulated in the central nervous system to maintain a relatively constant level of energy reserve and body weight.Dieting is defined as the use of a healthy, balanced diet that meets the daily nutritional needs of the body and that reduces caloric intake with increased moderate exercise. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessbiomedicalscience.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1113952114 ER -