TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - PNEUMONIA A1 - Mandell, Lionel A. A1 - Wunderink, Richard G. A2 - Kasper, Dennis L. A2 - Fauci, Anthony S. Y1 - 2017 N1 - T2 - Harrison's Infectious Diseases, 3e AB - Pneumonia is an infection of the pulmonary parenchyma. Despite being the cause of significant morbidity and mortality, pneumonia is often misdiagnosed, mistreated, and underestimated. In the past, pneumonia was typically classified as community-acquired (CAP), hospital-acquired (HAP), or ventilator-associated (VAP). Over the past two decades, however, some persons presenting with onset of pneumonia as outpatients have been found to be infected with the multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens previously associated with HAP. Factors responsible for this phenomenon include the development and widespread use of potent oral antibiotics, earlier transfer of patients out of acute-care hospitals to their homes or various lower-acuity facilities, increased use of outpatient IV antibiotic therapy, general aging of the population, and more extensive immunomodulatory therapies. The potential involvement of these MDR pathogens has led to a designation for a new category of pneumonia—health care–associated pneumonia (HCAP)—that is distinct from CAP. Conditions associated with HCAP and the likely pathogens are listed in Table 21-1. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/11/02 UR - accessbiomedicalscience.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1141405812 ER -