TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Ecotoxicology A1 - Di Giulio, Richard T. A1 - Newman, Michael C. A2 - Klaassen, Curtis D. A2 - Watkins, John B. Y1 - 2021 N1 - T2 - Casarett & Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology, 4e AB - KEY POINTSEcotoxicology is the study of the fate and effects of toxic substances on an ecosystem.Chemodynamics is the study of chemical release, distribution, degradation, and fate in the environment.A chemical can enter any of the four matrices: the atmosphere by evaporation, the lithosphere by adsorption, the hydrosphere by dissolution, or the biosphere by absorption, inhalation, or ingestion (depending on the species). Once in a matrix, the toxicant can enter another matrix by these methods.The biological availability (or bioavailability) of a chemical is the portion of the total quantity of chemical present that is potentially available for uptake by organisms.Pollution may result in a cascade of events, beginning with effects on homeostasis in individuals and extending through populations, communities, ecosystems, and landscapes.Terrestrial toxicology is the science of the exposure to and effects of toxic compounds in terrestrial ecosystems.Aquatic toxicology is the study of effects of anthropogenic chemicals on organisms in the aquatic environment. SN - PB - McGraw Hill CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/10/09 UR - accessbiomedicalscience.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1178017552 ER -