TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Biotransformation of Xenobiotics
A1  - Parkinson, Andrew
A1  - Ogilvie, Brian W.
A1  - Buckley, David B.
A1  - Kazmi, Faraz
A1  - Czerwinski, Maciej
A1  - Parkinson, Oliver
A2  - Klaassen, Curtis D.
A2  - Watkins III, John B.
Y1  - 2015
N1  - 
T2  - Casarett & Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology, 3e
AB  - Biotransformation  is  the  metabolic  conversion  of  endogenous  and  xenobiotic  chemicals  to  more  water-soluble  compounds.Xenobiotic  biotransformation  is  accomplished  by  a  limited  number  of  enzymes  with  broad  substrate  specificities.Phase  I  reactions  involve  hydrolysis,  reduction,  and  oxidation.  These  reactions  expose  or  introduce  a  functional  group  (—OH,  —NH2,  —SH,  or  —COOH),  and  usually  result  in  only  a  small  increase  in  hydrophilicity.Phase  II  biotransformation  reactions  include  glucuronidation,  sulfonation  (more  commonly  called  sulfation),  acetylation,  methylation,  and  conjugation  with  glutathione  (mercapturic  acid  synthesis),  which  usually  result  in  increased  hydrophilicity  and  elimination.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/17
UR  - accessbiomedicalscience.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1113949210
ER  -