TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Occupational Toxicology A1 - Thorne, Peter S. A2 - Klaassen, Curtis D. PY - 2019 T2 - Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 9th edition AB - Those who work full time over a working lifetime will spend about 94,000 hours in the workplace. If that workplace is dusty or laden with chemicals or allergens, it has the potential to induce disease. The higher the exposures, the greater the likelihood of disease. For centuries scholars have recognized that the work environment plays a significant role in the occurrence of adverse human health effects. Early writings by Ulrich Ellenbog (1435 to 1499), Agricola (1494 to 1555), and Paracelsus (1492 to 1541) revealed the toxic nature of exposures in mining, smelting, and metallurgy. A systematic treatise by Ramazzini (1633 to 1714) described the hazards as they applied to workers in over 50 common trades including miners, chemists, tinsmiths, tanners, pharmacists, grain sifters, stonecutters, sewage workers, and even corpse bearers. Legislation to protect worker health began in England with the Factory Act of 1833 which established a factory inspectorate and limited child laborers 9 to 13 years old to a 48-hour work week and 14- to 18-year olds to a 68-hour work week. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/11/02 UR - accessbiomedicalscience.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1158504459 ER -