RT Book, Section
A1 Scher, Howard I.
A1 Rosenberg, Jonathan E.
A1 Motzer, Robert J.
A2 Longo, Dan L.
SR Print(0)
ID 1135229702
T1 Bladder and Renal Cell Carcinomas
T2 Harrison's Hematology and Oncology, 3e
YR 2016
FD 2016
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781259835834
LK accessbiomedicalscience.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1135229702
RD 2024/04/20
AB Transitional  cell  epithelium  lines  the  urinary  tract  from  the  renal  pelvis  to  the  ureter,  urinary  bladder,  and  the  proximal  two-thirds  of  the  urethra.  Cancers  can  occur  at  any  point:  90%  of  malignancies  develop  in  the  bladder,  8%  in  the  renal  pelvis,  and  2%  in  the  ureter  or  urethra.  Bladder  cancer  is  the  fourth  most  common  cancer  in  men  and  the  thirteenth  in  women,  with  an  estimated  72,570  new  cases  and  15,210  deaths  in  the  United  States  predicted  for  the  year  2013.  The  almost  5:1  ratio  of  incidence  to  mortality  reflects  the  higher  frequency  of  the  less  lethal  superficial  variants  compared  to  the  more  lethal  invasive  and  metastatic  variants.  The  incidence  is  roughly  four  times  higher  in  men  than  in  women  and  twofold  higher  in  white  men  than  in  black  men,  with  a  median  age  of  65  years.