RT Book, Section A1 Ryan, Kenneth J. SR Print(0) ID 1148670820 T1 Pathogenesis of Viral Infection T2 Sherris Medical Microbiology, 7e YR 2017 FD 2017 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9781259859809 LK accessbiomedicalscience.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1148670820 RD 2024/10/14 AB OverviewViral pathogenesis involves complex interactions between viruses and hosts comprising of transmission, replication, dissemination, immune response, and pathology to produce disease in humans. Viruses have found several routes to enter in the host, spread in the host to find a target cell/tissue where they can replicate efficiently, and cause cytopathic effects to damage the tissue. In some cases, the immune system is successful in eliminating the virus, whereas in other cases viruses avoid elimination by the immune system and persist in the host. While in several cases the disease is caused by direct viral lysis of the infected cells, in other cases the disease is immune mediated such as immune complexes and cytokines. Many DNA viruses and some RNA viruses transform cells causing oncogenesis. Host factors and defenses play important roles in viral pathogenesis. It is interesting to note that the same virus may cause a mild disease in some hosts and a severe disease in other hosts. Innate and adaptive immune responses are critical to eliminate or control viral infections in hosts. Several viral infections cause immune suppression, including a risk of opportunistic and super infections. Immunocompromised hosts are vulnerable to many viral diseases. Vaccination is the key to provide protection in the population.