RT Book, Section A1 Lehman-McKeeman, Lois D. A2 Klaassen, Curtis D. SR Print(0) ID 1158495955 T1 Mechanisms of Toxicity T2 Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 9th edition YR 2019 FD 2019 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9781259863745 LK accessbiomedicalscience.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1158495955 RD 2024/03/28 AB Mechanisms of toxicity describe how an adverse effect occurs. Such events involve many molecular, biochemical, and cellular processes that may act in isolation or in a complex combination to produce a given response. Given the multitude of cells, organs, and pathways that underlie toxic mechanisms, it is unrealistic to discuss every possible mechanism of toxicity in this chapter. Such detailed information is provided in many of the chapters that follow, where emphasis is on a specific organ and the processes that render that organ sensitive or resistant to toxic insult. Rather, the focus of this chapter is to establish the fundamental concepts for how toxicity occurs, to illustrate how to apply these concepts to understanding mechanisms of toxicity, and to give examples of mechanisms of toxicity. Mechanistic toxicology data are also useful for developing more predictive biomarkers of toxicity, developing approaches to antagonize or prevent toxicity, and gaining insight into fundamental physiologic, biochemical, and molecular processes that underlie normal and abnormal organ function. Knowledge of mechanisms of toxicity is also fundamental for developing risk assessments for chemical exposure, as such data are relevant to determining the likelihood that chemical exposure may cause harmful effects.