RT Book, Section A1 Roth, Robert A. A1 Jaeschke, Hartmut A1 Luyendyk, James P. A2 Klaassen, Curtis D. SR Print(0) ID 1158499222 T1 Toxic Responses of the Liver T2 Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 9th edition YR 2019 FD 2019 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9781259863745 LK accessbiomedicalscience.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1158499222 RD 2024/03/19 AB The liver performs many functions that are critical to life. Among these are the processing of foods and other substances absorbed from the intestinal tract and the subsequent delivery of processed nutrients to other organs in the body. The liver is also an integral contributor of immunity that protects mammals from harmful pathogens. In addition to its immunological roles, it is the main organ where exogenous chemicals are metabolized, a process that hastens their excretion into bile and urine. As a consequence, liver cells are exposed to significant concentrations of these chemicals and their metabolites, some of which can cause liver dysfunction. Many industrial chemicals, plant toxins, environmental pollutants, food-borne agents, herbal remedies, and drugs (both pharmaceutical and recreational) are known to be hepatotoxic. In the pharmaceutical industry, adverse effects on the liver are one of the most frequent reasons for discontinuing the development of drug candidates and withdrawal of drugs from the market (Temple and Himmel, 2002; Stickel et al., 2011).