RT Book, Section
A1 Campen, Matthew J.
A2 Klaassen, Curtis D.
SR Print(0)
ID 1158500543
T1 Toxic Responses of the Heart and Vascular System
T2 Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 9th edition
YR 2019
FD 2019
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781259863745
LK accessbiomedicalscience.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1158500543
RD 2024/04/18
AB Cardiovascular  toxicology  is  concerned  with  the  adverse  effects  of  extrinsic  and  intrinsic  stresses  on  the  heart  and  vascular  system.  Extrinsic  stress  involves  exposure  to  therapeutic  drugs,  natural  products,  and  environmental  toxicants.  Notably,  the  heart  and  vessels  are  somewhat  protected  from  xenobiotics  due  to  classical  defense  and  detoxification  organs  (e.g.,  skin,  lungs,  and  liver),  thus  many  extrinsic  cardiotoxins  are  intentionally  administered  substances.  Intrinsic  stress  refers  to  exposure  to  toxic  metabolites  derived  from  nontoxic  compounds  such  as  those  found  in  food  additives  and  supplements.  The  intrinsic  exposures  also  include  secondary  neurohormonal  disturbance  such  as  overproduction  of  inflammatory  cytokines  derived  from  pressure  overload  of  the  heart  and  counter-regulatory  responses  to  hypertension  or  uremic  toxins  that  arise  from  renal  failure.  These  toxic  exposures  result  in  alterations  in  biochemical  pathways,  defects  in  cellular  structure  and  function,  and  pathogenesis  of  the  affected  cardiovascular  system.  The  manifestations  of  toxicological  response  of  the  heart  include  cardiac  arrhythmia,  hypertrophy,  and  overt  heart  failure.  The  responses  of  the  vascular  system  include  changes  in  blood  pressure  and  lesions  in  blood  vessels  in  the  form  of  atherosclerosis,  hemorrhage,  and  edema.