RT Book, Section
A1 Roth, Robert A.
A1 Jaeschke, Hartmut
A1 Luyendyk, James P.
A2 Klaassen, Curtis D.
A2 Watkins, John B.
SR Print(0)
ID 1178014656
T1 Toxic Responses of the Liver
T2 Casarett & Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology, 4e
YR 2021
FD 2021
PB McGraw Hill
PP New York, NY
SN 9781260452297
LK accessbiomedicalscience.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1178014656
RD 2024/04/16
AB KEY  POINTSThe  liver’s  strategic  location  between  intestinal  tract  and  the  rest  of  the  body  facilitates  its  maintenance  of  metabolic  homeostasis  in  the  body.The  liver  extracts  ingested  nutrients,  vitamins,  metals,  drugs,  environmental  toxicants,  and  waste  products  of  bacteria  from  the  blood  for  catabolism,  storage,  and/or  excretion  into  bile.Formation  of  bile  is  essential  for  uptake  of  lipid  nutrients  from  the  small  intestine,  protection  of  the  small  intestine  from  oxidative  insults,  and  excretion  of  endogenous  and  xenobiotic  compounds.Cholestasis  is  either  a  decrease  in  the  volume  of  bile  formed  or  an  impaired  secretion  of  specific  solutes  into  bile,  which  results  in  elevated  serum  levels  of  bile  salts  and  bilirubin.Hepatocytes  have  phase  I  enzymes  that  often  convert  xenobiotics  to  reactive  electrophilic  metabolites  and  phase  II  enzymes  that  add  a  polar  group  to  a  molecule  and  thereby  enhance  its  removal  from  the  body.  The  balance  between  phase  I  and  phase  II  reactions  determines  whether  a  reactive  metabolite  will  initiate  liver  cell  injury  or  be  safely  detoxified.