RT Book, Section A1 Ronis, Martin J.J. A1 Shankar, Kartik A1 Badger, Thomas M. A2 Klaassen, Curtis D. A2 Watkins, John B. SR Print(0) ID 1178017294 T1 Toxic Effects of Calories T2 Casarett & Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology, 4e YR 2021 FD 2021 PB McGraw Hill PP New York, NY SN 9781260452297 LK accessbiomedicalscience.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1178017294 RD 2024/03/29 AB KEY POINTSNutrients can broadly be defined as chemical substances found in food that are necessary for proper growth, development, reproduction, and repair.Energy in the body is derived from three main nutrient classes: carbohydrates, protein, and fat, which in turn are made up of sugars, amino acids, and free fatty acids, respectively.Hormonal messages generated by the pancreas, adipose tissue, and GI tract orchestrate multiple responses associated with caloric intake and utilization.The “set-point” hypothesis proposes that food intake and energy expenditure are coordinately regulated in the central nervous system to maintain a relatively constant level of energy reserve and body weight.Dieting is defined as the use of a healthy, balanced diet that meets the daily nutritional needs of the body and that reduces caloric intake with increased moderate exercise.