RT Book, Section A1 Shannon, Nicholas B. A1 Fitzgerald, Rebecca C. A2 Murray, Michael F. A2 Babyatsky, Mark W. A2 Giovanni, Monica A. A2 Alkuraya, Fowzan S. A2 Stewart, Douglas R. SR Print(0) ID 1102700375 T1 Esophageal Cancers T2 Clinical Genomics: Practical Applications in Adult Patient Care YR 2014 FD 2014 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9780071622448 LK accessbiomedicalscience.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1102700375 RD 2024/03/28 AB Disease summary:Esophageal cancers (ECs) are comprised of two main classes, esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Although globally ESCC is the more common of the two, in some western countries such as the United States of America and United Kingdom, EAC has become the dominant histology. Particularly high incidence rates of ESCC are observed in Iran, East Asia, and some African regions.Rarely melanoma, sarcoma, small cell carcinoma, or lymphoma may arise.More than 80% of the 481,000 yearly cases occur in developing countries; the disease is two to four times more common among males.EAC is associated with Barrett esophagus (BE) as a consequence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and obesity and usually occurs in the distal esophagus. ESCC is associated with smoking and alcohol and typically occurs in the mid and proximal esophagus.The clinical presentation can usually be attributed to the direct local effects of the disease: dysphagia, sometimes accompanied by pain (odynophagia) and regurgitation of saliva or food. Weight loss is an early feature due to dysphagia and tumor-related cachexia in more advanced stages.